A Curious Approach to Behaviour In School
3 December 2024

Children’s behaviour in school is about more than just disruptive actions or compliance, it’s a form of communication. When we respond to behaviour without understanding its root cause, we risk missing opportunities to provide the support children need. Research shows that adopting a curious approach can transform both classroom dynamics and outcomes for students.
Behaviour as Communication
According to the UK’s Department for Education (DfE), an estimated 1 in 6 children aged 5–16 has a probable mental health disorder. These challenges often manifest in classrooms as behaviours that might initially seem defiant or inattentive. But behind every behaviour, there’s a reason: anxiety, unmet social or emotional needs, sensory overload, or even hunger. For example, a child who refuses to engage in a task might be struggling with low self-esteem, learning difficulties, or fear of failure.
As educational psychologist Dr. Suzanne Zeedyk explains, “Children don’t misbehave; they communicate unmet needs in the only way they know how.” Viewing behaviour as communication allows us to move beyond reactions like punishment and focus on understanding.
The Cost of Misunderstanding Behaviour
Traditional punitive approaches, such as detentions or exclusions, often fail to address the root causes of behaviour. Data from the DfE (2022) shows that exclusions in England disproportionately affect vulnerable groups, including children with special educational needs (SEN) and those eligible for free school meals. These children are often managing complex challenges that require support, not punishment. With all experiences, we are constantly learning. When behaviour concerns us and we want to support a young person to communicate differently, any ‘consequence’ must be rooted in offering the person another way, rather than just inconveniencing them or attempting to remind them of who’s in charge.
Exclusion can also have long-term consequences. Research by the Centre for Social Justice found that excluded pupils are four times more likely to end up in the criminal justice system. By being curious about behaviour, schools can reduce exclusions and create a more inclusive environment.
Curiosity in Action: Building a Supportive Environment
Curiosity about children’s behaviour starts with asking, Why is this happening? rather than jumping to conclusions. Here are some evidence-based strategies:
- Look for Triggers
Patterns can provide valuable insights. For instance, a child might behave differently during transitions or group activities due to sensory sensitivities or social anxiety. Identifying triggers allows teachers to adapt environments or routines to reduce stress. - Build Relationships
Research from the Education Endowment Foundation highlights the importance of strong teacher-student relationships. Positive relationships foster trust and help children feel safe enough to express their needs. A curious, empathetic approach strengthens these bonds. - Collaborate with Specialists
For children with persistent behavioural challenges, input from educational psychologists, speech and language therapists, or pastoral teams can provide clarity. Early intervention, guided by curiosity, may prevent concerns from escalating. - Equip Teachers with Skills
A survey by NASUWT revealed that over 60% of UK teachers feel unprepared to manage complex behaviour. By embedding training in understanding behaviour as communication, schools can empower staff to respond effectively and empathetically.
The Benefits of Curiosity
When schools adopt a curious mindset, the results are profound. Children feel seen and valued, reducing the frequency of dysregulated communication. Teachers experience less stress as they build positive relationships and manage classrooms more effectively. Data from the Children’s Society shows that emotional support in schools boosts attendance, engagement, and academic outcomes.
Ultimately, curiosity fosters a culture where every child can succeed. By shifting the focus from punishment to understanding, schools not only meet the needs of their students but also model the empathy and resilience we all hope to see in society. Let’s ask questions, seek understanding, and choose curiosity over judgment—because every behaviour tells a story.

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